Month: March 2021

A gloss on the “element” of love. by Gerardo Muñoz

It might be the case that the self-evident nature of love as an affection proves itself lacking mediation in thought, insofar as it is a resource of mediation between thought and the world. In this sense, it is true that what one “loves” resists to be grasped as an object of representation or exposition; it is a question of limits, and those limits posit the question of the world. Now, love gives form, but it is not in itself a form or a mandate or an object. This means that love is outside of reality; indeed, it is the absolute indifference between object and world.

The question perhaps is one regarding proximity and distance. The problem of “nearness”, which is why in the text one reads the orphic inscription: “When we are in nearness to which we love we then go through the other side of the mirror.” Of course, what is interesting it not the “other side”, but rather to have become transformed by something without ever being entirely dissolved. Amor fati? Perhaps. In the transient path of the night one is opened to the condition of the “moon hunter”, in which one path reveals itself as the question of destiny (“one life”). The trick is that no path is ever ‘obligatory’, but rather validated by an access to an experience. Now, it is obvious that love cannot exhaust an experience, but there is no experience that is not affected by love, since it is this affection what inscribes the limit of a world without the fantasy of possession and abuse. 

Another moment: “In abusing something we no longer love; and even in the pleasure that were invested in we do not love”. Here the exotic (extemporaneous) nature of love becomes visible: no love is exhausted in materiality and form. Love is ex-scription: it demands exodus as homecoming. However, no fundamental fantasy of love can validate what is granted to us by the irreducibility of an experience. Perhaps this is after all what Gianni Carchia, reading Schelling called the “transfiguration with the divine”. Or, as I would like to call it, the intromission with the invisible [1]. In the invisible we carve out the limits of our deconstitution with our world in which our existence is possible through separation. 

There might a rebuttal, although it might not be one after all. It is a recent suggestion by a friend who claimed in a psychoanalytic speculation that: “Perhaps after all ‘love’ is a Christian invention, a compensatory and necessary one for the fact that we do not communicate”. There might be a few ways to respond to this claim; the first one being that the task of the transfiguration of love responds, precisely, to the subordinated status of love as mere compensation to the subject of sin and thus of the pleasure principle. The existence that can traverse the pleasure principle of the subject could be said to have gained reentry into a happy life capable of outsourcing the succession of infinite deaths while in life. 

Contrary to life or death, love might be another name for the orphic passage between the two states of potentiality; that is, of pure affection and the opening of the impotential in every life. To experience the death of what is possible as transient to the time of existence opens the path towards a “life to come…in underground streams” (Auden). If love is to be taken as compensatory to the impossibility of communication, then there is a love of thinking, but not necessarily a thinking of love. It is strange that philosophy – just as “liberty” for political thought – fails when measuring itself up to a thinking of love, a vertigo before the immemorial attunement to the state of mousikos. Such is the taking place among the things that we have surprised in the world, but only accessible to those who “seek” outside reality. 

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Notes 

1. Gianni Carchia. “Indifferenza, eros, amore: la critica dell’essere spirituale nella “filosofia della libertà” di Schelling”, in L’amore del pensiero (Quodlibet, 2000), 101-121.

¿Comuna o práctica de comunización? Nota al debate en Le Grand Continent sobre 150 años de la Comuna de París. por Gerardo Muñoz

A la altura de los 150 años de la Comuna de París se impone la necesidad de un balance. ¿Puede todavía la irrupción de la comuna decir algo a un presente marcado por la movilización de demandas y por la proyección de futuros previsibles? El balance de la Comuna presupone una serie de despejes para mostrar la intempestividad de su fibra. En primer lugar, entonces, podemos decir que en realidad nunca existió ninguna “Comuna” monumental e instituida en el devenir de la historia (precedente desordenado de la revolución, por ejemplo). Al contrario, la comuna pone en la superficie la “existencia del inexistente” [1]. En otras palabras: la comuna no fue un proceso histórico ni una instancia de sujeción política, sino un proceso de disyunción entre existencia y acontecimiento. La existencia es la multiplicidad que evita la concreción del sujeto; el acontecimiento, por su parte, la dislocación contra el cierre de la forma.

Por eso es por lo que jamás existió una “Comuna” tal y como quieren hacernos creer los historiadores monumentales, puesto que la comunización es necesariamente un proceso de afectación entre lo que somos y los encuentros que nos transforman en la manera en que moramos en un lugar. No se equivoca un autor anónimo al decir que la comuna, bajo el pensamiento práctico de Blanqui, constituyó la impronta de la amistad por fuera de los fueros de la organización, del Partido, de la planificación, o de la “unidad”. Todavía aquel esquematismo seductor resuena entre nosotros. De ahí que en la inscripción de los acontecimientos queden en dos subrogados: el partido de la Unidad y el partido de una amistad que sabe que lo que ha acontecido no es una “sucesión de hechos, fechas, ni un armario de ropa vieja; es el reservorio de las fuerzas de los gestos: la proliferación de posibilidades de existencia” [2]

Todavía guarda enigma aquel apotegma de José Martí, un testigo de su época: “No debe decirse la Comuna”. Lo indecible en cada comuna se retrae de la idealia de la cual extraemos lecciones para ratificar traducciones espacio-temporales. A través de esta traducción hacemos de la tierra un territorio. Otra vez: no podemos decir Comuna porque ésta es la manera en que se disuelve la comunidad para llevar a cabo algo así como “una práctica de comunización, es decir, el misterio de nuestras transfiguraciones. Y estas no tienen límites. Pero experimentar un mundo es siempre una prueba que requiere nuevas determinaciones” [3]. Desde luego, las determinaciones de cada intensificación se inscriben en las condiciones no-objetivas que atacan el ordo de la realidad. Le podemos llamar comunización a la manera en que un encuentro genera un montaje entre los materiales que disponemos y la novedad irreversible que nos ha transformado para siempre. Aquello que ha cambiado no es una fase o secuencia histórica, sino las condiciones para otros posibles modos de vida. En la contaminación y filiación cortamos sobre unificación del mundo.  

El inexistente, lo no-objetivo, y lo indecible: el proceso de comunización insiste en la división invisible de cada vida en virtud de la conquista de su destino [4]. Entendida así, es probable que la comuna ya no sea un concepto político, sino una figura para dar cuenta de una transformación de la vida una vez que ésta se ha expuesto al evento. Y, como sabemos, el evento es el enemigo del imperio. Más allá de la historia y del mesianismo, la medida de lo propio en la comunización abandona la caída de la infelicidad para vivir en lo infinito fuera de la vida.

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Notas 

1. Alain Badiou. “The Paris Commune: A political declaration on politics”, en Polemics (Verso, 2006).

2. Quelques agents du Parti imaginaire. “À un ami”, en Auguste Blanqui: Maintenant, il faut des armes (La Fabrique, 2006).

3. Una conversación mía con el pensador Josep Rafanell i Orra, de próxima aparición en la revista Disenso, mayo de 2021.

4. Gerardo Muñoz. “La época y lo invisible”, Ficción de la razón, 2020:  https://ficciondelarazon.org/2020/08/10/gerardo-munoz-la-epoca-y-lo-invisible-una-conversacion-con-asedios-al-fascismo-dobleaeditores-2020-de-sergio-villalobos-ruminott/

  • Esta nota es preparatoria para la conversación que tendrá lugar el próximo miércoles 3/17 en la revista Le Grand Continent, junto a Carlos Illades y Clara Ramas San Miguel.

Reform and Ecstatic Politics: Notes on Gramsci’s Prison Writings (VIII). by Gerardo Muñoz

Gramcsi’s turning away from economic primacy of the Third International meant that he had to endorse a robust principle of “politics” to suture the separation (and there crisis thereof) between theory and praxis, which is also a division of action and thought. In a certain way, going back to Machiavelli’s writings or Croce’s Hegelian Idealism is a way to introduce a total politics suture over philosophy and life. This becomes clear when in Notebook 8, while glossing Croce “Hidden God”, Gramsci asks rhetorically but with force: “In what sense can one speak of the identity of history with politics and say that therefore all life is politics? How could one conceive of the whole system of superstructures as (a system of) political distinctions, thus introducing the nothing of distinction in the philosophy of praxis? Can one even speak of a dialectic of distincts? (271).

It becomes rather obvious that what has passed as the great Gramscian novelty – mainly, the emphasis on “superstructure” as a way to relax the mechanistic economic structure of capitalist development driving the laws of History – in fact, it rests on a metaphysical principle rooted in the total politics over life. In other words, Gramscianism means, if anything, a new totalization of political domination over the texture of life and every singular destiny. This conceptual maneuver is nothing original if placed in the epochal framework of what Alain Badiou called the “ecstatic politics” of the 1930s, in which politics (and later legality) became the instrument to suture philosophy and life. 

It is almost as if Gramscian political life becomes the new instrument for the age of total mobilization and the worker insofar as life is nothing but the site of immanence that must be reintegrated, conducted, and translated as co-terminus with full political activity. At the moment where “life” was fleeing from the organic reproduction of capitalist development unto autonomous forms (Camatte), the Gramscian emphasis on “superstructure” became the progressive technology to “contain” its eventual dispersion. Again, in the same section 60 of the eighth notebook this insight is explicit: “One must say that political activity is, precisely, the first moment or first level of the superstructures; it’s the moment in which all the superstructures are still in the unmediated phase of mere affirmation – willful, inchoate, and rudimentary” (271). The question solicited here is where does the “class struggle” fit in this picture, if at all? 

If superstructural political life is not the site of the horizon of the working class’ emancipation, this could only entail, as Jacques Camatte understood it very early on, that the conduction of the communist party in politics demanded that militants and the working class had to act as if the communist society was a “living fact”. In turn, this meant that there was a clear “reformist” transmutation, since one could discard (in fact, as later authors of the so-called post-foundational theory of hegemony demanded, it *had to be discarded*) the horizon of revolutionary emancipation. What is surprising is that even today a reformist declination of ecstatic politics is announced and branded as “true radical political thought”, when it is just a mere inversion and reorganization of capitalist value organization. On the contrary, the total politics of the superstructure over life could only mean, as Íñigo Errejón repeated recently, merely a “struggle between opposite values”; in other words, it is no longer a transformation of the world instead of interpreting it, but a mere gaming of values to facilitate the occupation of the state.  

This could explain why, many pages later in Notebook 8 Gramsci could define hegemony as the crystallization of morality. He writes univocally: “Hegemony” means a determinate system of moral life [conception of life] and therefore history is “religious” history along the lines of Croce’s “state-church” principle” (373). And of course, history is always “a struggle between two hegemonies”, whose main nexus is the unity of rulers and the ruled (373). Gramsci gives this unification without separation the label of “patriotism”, which amounts to a direct secularized form of the medieval pro patria mori. This is the vortex that organizes the ecstatic political dominium over life in every hegemonic order.